Monday, October 12, 2026

New Cessation of Commemoration from the Official Church: Father Georgios Stavrou

 

 

Priest Georgios Stavrou

Parish Priest of the Holy Church of Saint Paraskevi

Zagora, Pelion 370 01 Zagora

 

Zagora, October 11, 2026

To His Eminence

Metropolitan of Demetrias and Almyros

Ignatios

Thessaly Conference Center

380 01 Volos

Tel. 24210 93500

 

Subject: Cessation of Commemoration. Walling-Off

Your Eminence,

By the present letter, I declare and inform you that, after much reflection and prayer, as of today (October 11, the Fourth Sunday of Luke), I shall henceforth cease commemorating your name as bishop during the sacred services, as I have done until now with a heavy heart and troubled conscience, in violation of the Sacred Canons, the teaching, and the example of many eminent Holy Fathers of the Church. However, as our people wisely say, what is right must be done, even if belatedly: “Better late than never.” According to Saint John Chrysostom, Christ accepts the last as He does the first: “He gives rest to him who comes at the eleventh hour, as to him who has labored from the first” (Paschal Catechetical Homily).

The commemoration of the bishop by priests was instituted for very serious theological reasons, and when these reasons are absent, commemoration becomes not only unnecessary but also dangerous to the salvation of the one commemorating him and of the flock. By commemorating the bishop’s name, the priest assures those attending church that they are in a church belonging to an Orthodox diocese, and not a heretical or schismatic one, and that the bishop is Orthodox, pious, and rightly divides the word of truth.

All Christians must be pious and Orthodox, and all the more so the bishop, who is a shepherd and teacher. We very frequently hear deacons and priests pray in the litanies: “For pious and Orthodox Christians, let us pray to the Lord.” The priest, therefore, commemorates the bishop by name and prays for him when that bishop is pious and Orthodox. This means that the bishop does not teach impious or heretical doctrines, does not distort the teaching of Christ, the Apostles, and the Holy Fathers—whom, on the contrary, he respects, praises, and upholds—does not recognize heresies and schisms, and does not pray together with heretics and schismatics.

Unfortunately, Your Eminence, you do not belong among the pious and Orthodox bishops, but among those who promote and advocate the pan-heresy of Ecumenism–Syncretism, indeed being one of its foremost and most prominent supporters. Therefore, I cannot, by commemorating your name as an Orthodox bishop, silently participate in the Ecumenists’ destructive frenzy against Orthodoxy, endanger both my own salvation and that of the small flock entrusted to me by God, or speak falsely before the Holy Altar by proclaiming your name as that of a pious and Orthodox bishop.

It is unnecessary for me to enumerate all that has been written against Ecumenism since the last century by eminent and learned hierarchs and by the Holy Mountain, even by contemporary Saints and by a multitude of clergy, monastics, and laity. To this day, there are hierarchs who call for the Church of Greece to withdraw from the center of Ecumenism, the World Council of Churches (WCC), from which two Orthodox Churches, those of Bulgaria and Georgia, have rightly and piously withdrawn. This opposition of the Orthodox throughout the years was summarized and expressed by the “Assembly of Orthodox Clergy and Monastics” in the historic text it composed and circulated in 2009, entitled “Confession of Faith Against Ecumenism.” This text brought joy to the Orthodox and put those of false belief to shame. It was signed by several hierarchs, numerous abbots of Athonite and other monasteries, hundreds of other clergy and monastics, as well as thousands of the faithful, who always preserve Orthodoxy when the shepherds betray their mission and pastoral duty. By contrast, the pan-heresy of Ecumenism was promoted through the actions of well-known Freemason Patriarchs of Constantinople, such as Joachim III, Meletios IV Metaxakis, Athenagoras I, and, more than all the others, the present Patriarch Bartholomew, who, seeing the aforementioned opposition of the pleroma of the Church, clergy and laity alike, as manifested through the circulation of the “Confession of Faith Against Ecumenism,” decided to expedite the convocation of a synod in order to secure synodal endorsement of Ecumenism and neutralize the Orthodox who were struggling against it, by imposing penalties and persecutions.

In the preparation of this false synod, you, Bishop Ignatios, Metropolitan of Demetrias, played a leading and decisive role, chiefly through two actions that contributed to the maturing of my decision to break off all communion with you: a) Through the establishment and operation of the “Academy for Theological Studies,” which would more appropriately be called the “Academy for Ecumenist Studies,” and b) through your participation in the preparation and proceedings of the Ecumenist false synod held at Kolymbari, Crete (June 2016), which recognized heresies as churches and legitimized the pan-heresy of Ecumenism condemned by the Orthodox. My decision to cease commemorating your name, that is, to wall myself off, as this action is expressly termed by the 15th Sacred Canon of the First-Second Council of Constantinople, held under Photius the Great (861)—a canon that many, through ignorance, disregard, misinterpret, or even abolish—was therefore strengthened by three further reasons, making five (5) in all, which I shall briefly set forth:

1. The Establishment and Activities of the Post-Patristic “Academy for Theological Studies”

The initiative to establish the Academy was yours, Your Eminence, immediately after your election (1999), although there was no need to fill any theological void. The two Theological Faculties of Athens and Thessaloniki, with their four departments, two in each faculty, more than adequately met the theological needs and provided theological education for clergy and laity. What was lacking, as far as you were concerned, was a theological institution that would change the traditional Orthodox Theology hitherto taught in the university faculties, introduce modernity into the sphere of Theology and the Church, and serve as a laboratory for Ecumenism, the New Age, Syncretism, Globalization, and a Universal Religion. The planners judged that this undertaking would enjoy greater success and a better reception if it also had ecclesiastical backing, an ecclesiastical guise. And since it was difficult at that time for the Church administration to provide such a mantle, particularly through a synodal decision, you, the Metropolitan of Demetrias, willingly undertook to provide it, thereby assisting the modernists and Ecumenists, who at that time constituted a minority among the hierarchs and professors of the Theological Faculties, while undoubtedly also expressing your own modernist and Ecumenist convictions.

The subjects of the conferences and lectures during the Academy’s first decade of operation were Ecumenist and distinctly Protestant: Liturgical renewal, translation of liturgical texts, feminist theology, the priesthood of women, participation of the laity in divine worship and chanting, and others. Two subjects in particular brought the Academy’s anti-Orthodox activities to a climax and openly (“with uncovered head”) revealed the heretical deviations of its founder and president. Both testify to and confirm the identity and purpose of those associated with its establishment and operation, as well as its unmistakable connection with facilitating the Ecumenist course of the false synod held at Kolymbari, Crete. The first subject is the alteration of the Orthodox character of religious education and its transformation into a religious-studies-based, Ecumenist subject. Many members and friends of the Academy collaborated with Professor Stavros Giagkazoglou, the principal architect of the transformation of religious education, a favored protégé of Archbishop Ieronymos and the leading figure behind the well-known theological association “Kairos,” many of whose members are collaborators of the Academy. This also explains the wholehearted support given to the Academy by Patriarch Bartholomew and Archbishop Ieronymos, the chief architects of the false Synod of Crete’s turn toward Ecumenism.

The second major, blasphemous, and heretical subject with which the Academy of Volos concluded its first decade was the questioning, for the first time in the centuries-long history of Orthodox Theology, of the authority and value of the Holy Fathers, through the promotion of the theory of “Post-Patristicity,” namely, that we must “go beyond the Fathers,” transcend the Fathers, and not remain within the boundaries established by the Holy Fathers. Until now, Orthodox Theology has taught us not to move the boundaries established by the Fathers, “Do not move the boundaries which our Fathers have established,” and to follow the Holy Fathers, “Following the Divine Fathers.”

The official emergence of the heretical doctrine of “Post-Patristicity,” which had previously been expressed sporadically and unofficially by modernist theologians, both our own and foreign, took place at a four-day conference organized by the Academy in Volos from June 3-6, 2010. The theme of the conference was: “Neo-Patristic Synthesis or Post-Patristic Theology? The Demand for a Theology of Contextuality in Orthodoxy.” I shall not discuss the storm of reactions provoked by this first attempt to transcend and invalidate the Holy Fathers, nor the many critical articles written in rejection of this new heresy. I shall confine myself to just two references. First, to the immediate reaction of an Orthodox hierarch, Metropolitan Paul of Glyfada of blessed memory, who rightly hastened to address the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece with a “Memorandum,” which he submitted on September 28, 2010, entitled: “‘Contextual,’ ‘Post-Patristic,’ and Other Theological Explorations at a Conference of the Theological Academy of Volos.” What the blessed Metropolitan Paul reveals, particularly his selection of passages from numerous presentations that advocate, promote, and justify the heretical doctrine of “Post-Patristicity,” astonishes and provokes indignation among Orthodox consciences. In conclusion, he makes the following observations:

“We do not deny freedom of expression in the sphere of Orthodox Theology, but we cannot accept that freedom of expression should ultimately become Protestant discourse… Our Theology needs to grow in the Grace of the Holy Spirit. And this can take place through the Saints, who continually arise within the Church.”

He signs the Memorandum “awaiting a response from the Hierarchy concerning the scandal caused to the Christian pleroma,” but unfortunately, even after his death, he is still waiting for the Hierarchy to address the matter, while its primate is a supporter of and enthusiastically praises the Academy for Ecumenist Studies.

The second reference is a crushing and devastating blow to the work of the Academy, which is supported with all their might by the principalities and powers of darkness. What the Hierarchy under Ieronymos failed to do was done by Metropolitan Seraphim of Piraeus, who organized a one-day theological conference in Piraeus on February 15, 2012, entitled “Patristic Theology and the Post-Patristic Heresy,” the proceedings of which were published that same year. The very characterization of Post-Patristicity as a heresy would alone suffice for a positive assessment of the conference’s work, at which hierarchs in attendance, distinguished professors, and researchers delivered presentations critically examining the subject.

I shall selectively add just a few assessments concerning the characterization of Post-Patristicity as a heresy. In a letter to the Metropolitan of Piraeus, Patriarch Theophilos of Jerusalem points out that Orthodox Theology cannot be characterized as post-patristic, “because the age of the Fathers does not belong to the past but constitutes a perpetual present in the Holy Spirit within the Orthodox Church.” Metropolitan Hierotheos of Nafpaktos, who was present at the conference and also delivered a presentation, writes: “In general, this movement, which today is called Post-Patristic Theology, is the reappearance, in a more pronounced form, of what a few years ago was called Neo-Orthodoxy, and earlier, Barlaamism.” The ever-memorable Abbot of the Holy Monastery of Venerable Gregory, the Very Reverend Fr. Georgios Kapsanis, writes in a letter to the Metropolitan of Piraeus:

“Your decision to organize the conference in question is praiseworthy and necessary, because in our days, regrettably, the faith, piety, and theology handed down to us by the Fathers are in danger of being corrupted by the novel ‘theologies,’ as Saint Gregory Palamas would call them, of audacious theologians who theologize in the manner of Aristotle rather than that of the fishermen, following not the Divine Fathers but Barlaam the Calabrian and those like him. Whenever these ‘theologies’ also receive ecclesiastical endorsement, they influence the pastoral work of the Church and lead uninformed Christians away from the true faith and piety.”

Protopresbyter and Professor Fr. Georgios Metallinos of blessed memory, at the conclusion of his presentation, draws, among others, the following conclusions:

“It is precisely in this direction that the intervention of so-called ‘Post-Patristic Theology’ proves to be demonic, providing theological cover and support for our Ecumenist hysteria and for the demolition of our patristic and traditional foundations… Post-Patristicity, therefore, is in essence anti-Patristicity, because this Protestantizing movement undermines the patristic tradition, without which Orthodoxy remains defenseless amid the turmoil of Ecumenism and the furtherance of the plans of the New Age. And to paraphrase Dostoevsky: ‘Without the Fathers, everything is permitted!’ According to Saint Gregory Palamas, however, ‘True piety consists in not disputing with the God-bearing Fathers.’”

Protopresbyter and Professor Fr. Theodoros Zisis calls post-patristic theologians opponents of the Fathers and, in another text on the subject, considers them worse than the iconoclasts. He writes:

“This opposition to the Fathers is even worse than iconoclasm. For it removes the very living instruments of the Grace of God. These opponents of the Fathers are worse than the iconoclasts… And they strike at Orthodox Theology, which is not only Apostolic but also Patristic. ‘The preaching of the Apostles and the doctrines of the Fathers’ together constitute the faith of the Church. Therefore, those who set the Fathers aside undermine the very foundations of Orthodoxy.”

Finally, the very title of Professor Demetrios Tselengidis’s presentation, “‘Post-Patristic’ or ‘Neo-Barlaamite’ Theology?” characterizes the Post-Patristicity of the Academy of Volos as a heresy.

After these assessments by distinguished and eminent theologians and teachers, both clergy and laity, that Post-Patristicity is a heresy, the Holy Synod should immediately have initiated judicial proceedings against the Metropolitan of Demetrias, while we, the priests of the Metropolis, should have ceased commemorating the name of Ignatios during the sacred services, even before a synodal judgment, as provided for by the 15th Canon of the First-Second Council of Constantinople (861); that is, we should have walled ourselves off. I did not do so at the time because, apart from the fact that no one then recommended it to us, we were waiting for other hieromonks and priests, better trained and more advanced than ourselves in theological and spiritual matters, to take this step, so that through them we might give an answer “to everyone who asks.” Unfortunately, I also failed to do so when our Metropolitan fell into an even worse heretical deviation: cooperating in the preparation and convening of the heresy-tinged false synod of Kolymbari, Crete (June 2016). By then, moreover, I was entirely without excuse, because many struggling monks of the Holy Mountain had opened the way for Walling-Off, foremost among them the most venerable and discerning Monk Gabriel, Elder of the Holy Kellion of Venerable Christodoulos, belonging to the Holy Monastery of Koutloumousiou, as well as pious abbots and priests in the world, such as ever-memorable Elder Maximos Karavas, the struggling confessor and abbot of the Holy Monastery of Saint Paraskevi in Milochori, a true spiritual child of blessed Metropolitan Augustinos Kantiotis of Florina, legendary for his struggles; Protopresbyter Nikolaos Manolis of blessed memory, likewise a struggling confessor, together with the multitude of his spiritual children; and the respected and well-known Protopresbyter, Professor, and Teacher Fr. Theodoros Zisis, renowned for his struggles throughout the Orthodox world and even among heretics. Inwardly, I considered them blessed and praised them for their boldness and confession of faith, and I prayed that the Grace of God would strengthen and encourage me to follow them in openly and publicly condemning the false Synod of Crete, as I am doing now, regardless of the consequences or persecutions, which will be a crown and a cause for praise.

But why do I reject and condemn the false synod of Kolymbari, Crete?

2. Participation in the False Synod of Crete

Apart from the establishment and activities of the Academy for Theological Studies, which taught the heresy of Protestant “Post-Patristicity,” the second serious reason that helped my decision to wall myself off mature was your participation, Your Eminence, Metropolitan Ignatios, in the preparation and proceedings of the false Synod of Crete (June 2016), which called heresies churches, gave synodal legitimacy to Ecumenism, and bears no resemblance to the previous Orthodox Synods, which were unanimously accepted by all the Local Churches. This Synod, however, was not accepted by four Orthodox Churches (Antioch, Russia, Bulgaria, and Georgia), which did not participate and which represent more than half of all Orthodox Christians. Many hierarchs who did participate also refused to sign its heretical texts. Many pious clergy, monastics, and laity condemned it through Walling-Off, not only in Greece but also in other Orthodox countries.

I shall not elaborate on the reasons for its rejection and condemnation. Many others have already done so in the most convincing and irrefutable manner, through conferences and a multitude of publications and lengthy books, of which I shall mention only a very few! In two lengthy issues (January–June 2016 and July–December 2016, totaling 704 pages), the journal “Theodromia” of the “Society for Orthodox Studies” published a total of one hundred (100) texts by a) Churches, b) hierarchs, c) other clergy and monastics, and d) laity. In the first issue, fifty texts advise against convening the Synod, because its preparation was not in keeping with that appropriate to Orthodox Synods, and the texts prepared for it required numerous corrections. Among these texts are writings by three contemporary Saints, whose icons adorn the cover of the issue: Saints Justin Popovich, Daniel of Katounakia, and Elder Philotheos Zervakos of Paros, who is venerated as a saint. In the second issue, an equal number of texts (50), written after the convocation and proceedings of the Synod, reject and condemn it as a false synod for numerous reasons. The issue presents this genuinely synodal rejection, albeit informal, under the title printed in large letters on its cover: “Neither Holy, nor Great, nor a Synod.” We also mention the one-day conference jointly organized in Thessaloniki by three (3) associations: a) the “Society for Orthodox Studies,” b) the “Saint Joseph the Hesychast Orthodox Christian Association,” and c) the “Life-Giving Spring Greek Orthodox Association,” on June 16, 2018, entitled: “Orthodoxy and Kolymbari, Two Years Later: Heresy – Deposition – Orthodox Resistance.”

3. Acceptance of the Schismatics of the Falsely Autocephalous Ukrainian Parasynagogue. Praying Together with Heretics and Schismatics.

The false Synod of Crete, a schismatic and heretical “achievement” of the Ecumenist Patriarch Bartholomew, which, as we have mentioned, excluded more than half of Orthodox Christians and fragmented the Church, was followed by a similar uncanonical and anti-synodal action on the part of the Phanar. Acting as a Pope of the East, Patriarch Bartholomew intervened in another, foreign ecclesiastical jurisdiction, on the canonical territory of the Church of Russia. He disregarded the canonical Orthodox Church of Ukraine under Metropolitan Onuphry, which had existed and operated there for centuries, and established a second church in the same territory, composed of deposed, schismatic, and self-ordained clergy under Metropolitan Epiphany, whose schismatic status and deposition by the Church of Russia Patriarch Bartholomew himself had previously recognized. This falsely autocephalous community was not recognized by ten of the fourteen Autocephalous Churches. Indeed, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow ceased commemorating Patriarch Bartholomew during the services and advised Russian Orthodox Christians, when traveling, not to attend services in churches belonging to dioceses whose bishops had recognized the schismatic construct in Kyiv, which has contributed and continues to contribute to the bloodshed and persecution of the Orthodox in Ukraine and is causing schismatic divisions throughout the Orthodox Churches.

You, Bishop Ignatios, not only followed Archbishop Ieronymos along the schismatic path of Bartholomew, as you also did with the false Synod of Kolymbari, Crete, but also took steps to strengthen and consolidate the falsely autocephalous Church of Ukraine, thereby strengthening the schism and bloodshed in Ukraine. You offered one of your own clergymen, Archimandrite Epiphanios, to be consecrated by the schismatics of Ukraine as Bishop of Olbia. You concelebrated the Divine Liturgy with this false bishop on Sunday, October 20, 2019. Indeed, you even expressed your joy at “the first concelebration with a Hierarch of the Autocephalous Church of Ukraine, following the recent positive stance of the Hierarchy of the Church of Greece on the question of autocephaly.” Since then, you have repeatedly concelebrated the Divine Liturgy and prayed together with him, and you have pressured clergymen to receive him into their parishes. You also prayed together with Papist and Protestant “priests” at the Agape Vespers this year (2026) in the Metropolitan Church of Saint Nicholas in Volos, following a practice favored by your beloved Patriarch Bartholomew and disregarding the Sacred Canons, which severely punish with the penalty of deposition clergymen who pray together with heretics. The schismatic rector of the Kyiv Academy of the false Church of Ukraine, Fr. Aleksandr Trofimliuk, invited the Director of your own Academy, Pantelis Kalaitzidis, to participate in the Scientific Committee overseeing the publications of the Academy of the schismatic Ukrainians. At the end of July 2019, for the third consecutive year, your Academy, once again in cooperation with another academy belonging to the schismatics, in the city of Volyn, conducted a continuing education program (“Summer University”) for twenty-three Ukrainian clergy and lay theologians.

I need add nothing further concerning the falsely autocephalous Ukrainian parasynagogue and the new ecclesiology of the Phanar, which allows Bartholomew to intervene in foreign jurisdictions as “first without equals,” establishing a primacy that is nonexistent and unknown in Orthodoxy, a primacy not of honor but of authority, like that of the Pope. Everything necessary concerning these schismatic and heretical deviations was stated at a one-day conference organized in Thessaloniki by three (3) Orthodox associations on June 22, 2019, entitled: “Ukrainian Autocephaly and the New Ecclesiology of the Phanar.” The eight (8) presentations delivered at the conference, together with fifteen (15) related articles by hierarchs, clergy, monastics, and laity, were published in a double issue of the journal “Theodromia” (April–September 2019, 526 pages).

4. The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Blasphemous Measures Against the Sacredness of Churches, Holy Icons, and, Above All, the Mystery of the Divine Eucharist.

Using the Coronavirus infection as a pretext, the impious government adopted measures unprecedented in the history of the Church. It closed and disinfected the holy churches, imposed social distancing among worshippers when they reopened, required the wearing of masks even when venerating holy icons and sacred relics, prohibited the reception of Holy Communion and the celebration of the Divine Liturgy, and imposed many other restrictions. Many bishops, exceedingly willing to comply with these measures, set a bad example—fortunately, not all of them—by implementing the prescribed measures, which violated fundamental doctrines of the Church, such as the healing grace of churches, icons, and holy relics, and above all, of the Divine Eucharist. Many bishops and priests themselves wore masks inside the churches—wretched and unworthy men—put on gloves to distribute the antidoron to the faithful, and forbade them to kiss their hands. The very few bishops who refused to implement the measures were summoned to the police to provide explanations, while many priests were brought before ecclesiastical courts or received threats from their bishops of suspension and transfer.

And you, Your Eminence, also violated the sacredness of churches and the faith in the healing Grace of icons, relics, and the Divine Eucharist, and scrupulously observed every measure imposed by the godless government concerning the Coronavirus, even going beyond what was required. You obliged priests to participate in the open blasphemy against sacred things, even requiring them to receive the vaccine made from cells of aborted fetuses. You were not concerned that you might have been mistaken, even when it became known that fellow bishops of yours, such as the former Metropolitan Ambrosios of Kalavryta and Aigialeia, Metropolitan Nektarios of Corfu, Metropolitan Seraphim of Piraeus, Metropolitan Kosmas of Aetolia and Acarnania of blessed memory, Metropolitan Seraphim of Kythera, and others, were protesting against the Church’s humiliating submission to the government’s unprecedented blasphemous measures, which violated the sacredness of churches and the Mysteries celebrated within them and made a mockery of the Church’s dogmatic teaching. In any case, before undertaking to formulate charges against me as a poorly educated priest lacking theological knowledge, on this matter as on the others, take a little time, out of genuine concern, to read what your fellow bishops and other pious and learned clergy, monastics, and laity have written about this deplorable state of the Church administration. These writings have once again been collected in a double issue of the journal “Theodromia” (January–June 2020, 336 pages).

5. Celebration of Sacred Services in the Demotic Language

In concluding, I shall add, because of its pressing relevance and the great scandal it causes among the faithful, that you continue, during Divine Liturgies celebrated for schools and services for the blessing of the waters at the beginning of the school year, as you did again this year, to use not the sanctified traditional language of the divinely inspired and holy hymnographers, which, when heard and chanted, raises those who listen to the heavens, but the commonplace, everyday Demotic language, which lacks the sanctifying Grace and uplifting power of the ecclesiastical language of the holy hymnographers. Archbishop Christodoulos of blessed memory, who began these experiments in translation as your predecessor in the Metropolis of Demetrias and continued them during his first years as Archbishop in Athens, realized his mistake and discontinued them. You persist in this mistake, disrupting unity in Divine Worship and violating liturgical good order. Indeed, there is also a synodal prohibition against translations. Why do you not obey the Synod, as the Metropolitan of Peristeri does by removing the Cross from the Holy Sanctuary? Is it only from priests and the faithful that you demand unconditional obedience to your decisions? Conscientious and pious believers are bewildered and find themselves perplexed and confused by this liturgical disorder and lack of uniformity. In any case, in response to the unsuccessful efforts of Archbishop Christodoulos, which you continue despite the synodal prohibition, there is a short book by Professor Theodoros Zisis, published in Thessaloniki in 2003, entitled: “Should the Liturgical Texts Be Translated? Neo-Barlaamism or ‘Liturgical Renewal’?” It is worth reading and making available through the bookstores of the Holy Metropolis, the holy churches, and the holy monasteries.

Epilogue

From the few things I have set forth, Bishop Ignatios, it follows that you fall under the provisions of the 15th Canon of the First-Second Council concerning the cessation of commemoration of your name on multiple grounds. On account of the false Synod of Kolymbari, Crete, alone, many Fathers ceased commemorating the names of their bishops. They did not cause a schism, nor do they place themselves outside the Church. It is heretics and schismatics who place themselves outside the Church, together with those who justify heresies and schisms and maintain communion, pray together, and concelebrate the Divine Liturgy with heretics and schismatics. The Church, as Saint Gregory Palamas says, exists where the Truth, Orthodoxy, is found, and not heresy and schism. According to the Sacred Canon I have mentioned, those who cease commemoration protect the Church from schism; they do not cause schism, and they deserve to be honored and praised. Besides Kolymbari, you are also culpable of the heresy of Post-Patristicity, support for the Ukrainian Schism, and the other matters I have mentioned. Particularly concerning the heresy of Post-Patristicity, Saint Gregory Palamas, who, as an Athonite hieromonk, walled himself off from Patriarch John Kalekas, regards you as falsely pious, for he says that true piety consists in not questioning the value and authority of the Holy Fathers, as the Academy you established and continue to operate does: “This is true piety: not to dispute with the God-bearing Fathers.” I desire to follow the Holy Fathers and confessors, the ranks of the Lord, the fragrant flowers of Paradise, the all-golden mouths of the Word, those who handed down to us the true Faith, Orthodoxy, unharmed and without innovation. I rejoice because, after certain unjustified reservations, I now join with all my soul and heart those who walk the difficult path of Orthodoxy. I was deeply moved by the conviction of that pillar of Orthodoxy, Saint Mark of Ephesus, who said that the further he distanced himself from the Latin-minded Patriarch and those like him, the counterparts of today's supporters of the Pope and Ecumenists, the closer he drew to God and the Saints; and the more he separated himself from them, the more he became united with the Truth and with the Holy Fathers of the Church.

I, albeit belatedly, separate myself from you Ecumenists and supporters of the Pope, and protect myself and my small flock from heresies and schisms. I pray that you, too, will do the same for the large but uncatechized flock of your diocese. It is never too late. Amen.

With due respect,

The least among Priests,

Fr. Georgios Stavrou

 

Greek source: https://apotixisi.blogspot.com/2026/10/blog-post_914.html

 

The Church as an instrument of the Kremlin’s hybrid influence

Networks connected to the Russian Orthodox Church play a key role in Moscow’s influence operations across the world. Regular attempts to promote a pro-Russian worldview are supported by active efforts in espionage.

Zarmina Zarifi | October 12, 2026

 

 

Inside this article

·       The Russian Orthodox Church has historically functioned as an instrument of state security services, adapting from the Soviet-era KGB to modern geopolitical objectives under the Kremlin.

·       Senior religious leaders, including Patriarch Kirill, combine ecclesiastical and military symbolism to promote concepts like "Holy Rus" and provide pseudo-religious justifications for military aggression.

·       The Church is deeply integrated into Russia's war effort, with priests serving near combat units and clergy instructed to incorporate justifications for the war into their sermons, posing risks to European internal stability.

 

Since the Soviet era, the Russian Orthodox Church has played a very specific role within the Russian state. It has ultimately functioned as an instrument of its security services and primarily the KGB.

Church structures were famously used to gather information on dissent, foster loyalty to the authorities, and disseminate the Communist Party’s ideological narratives.

In modern Russia, this approach has persisted but adapted to the Kremlin’s new geopolitical objectives. Now we see the Russian Orthodox Church acting as one of the Kremlin’s most covert channels of influence. This is particularly clear beyond the country’s borders – in Europe, the US and Latin America – where it maintains a network of religious and cultural hubs.

We increasingly see this state-linked institution being used to deploy pro-Kremlin narratives, shape a favourable information environment, and influence Russian-speaking communities. The religious factor organically complements political, media and intelligence tools, becoming part of the Russian Federation’s broader strategy of hybrid influence – particularly in Europe.

Among the Russian Orthodox Church’s most significant media assets is the television channel SPAS. Since its launch in 2005, it has served as a major platform for promoting narratives of Russia’s “holy struggle”, “Orthodox values”, and the legitimization of military aggression as a divinely sanctioned mission.

Patriarch Kirill – who is sanctioned by several European governments for supporting Russia’s war against Ukraine – and other senior Russian religious leaders systematically combine ecclesiastical and military symbolism. They urge the faithful to support the Russian army, to make “sacrifices” for the state, and to view participation in war as a religiously sanctioned act.

The Russian Orthodox Church promotes the concepts of “Holy Rus” and the “Russian World”, portraying Crimea and the occupied territories as “sacred Russian land” and depicting Ukrainian resistance as a betrayal of Orthodoxy.

These narratives provide a pseudo-religious justification for Russia’s aggression while helping to legitimize the occupation of Ukrainian territory in the eyes of domestic audiences. Ukraine has served as the primary testing ground for these methods of religiously framed information warfare.

The methods tested against Ukraine are being used with increasing frequency on the European continent. In Europe, the Russian Orthodox Church is becoming an instrument of hybrid influence that extends far beyond its traditional religious function.

European security services have long documented links between Russian Orthodox structures and influence operations, including intelligence activities. In recent years, concerns regarding cooperation between representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church and the security services have only intensified.

In December 2023, the Swedish Security Service confirmed that representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church had cooperated with Russian intelligence services and that Church structures had been used for espionage with direct state funding. Authorities have also expressed concern over the construction of a Russian Orthodox church in Västerås near strategic infrastructure, where the church’s consecration was attended by diplomats later suspected of espionage.

That same year, Bulgarian authorities expelled the head of the Russian Orthodox Church’s mission in Sofia and two other clergymen on the grounds that they posed a threat to national security.

Estonian intelligence has warned that the local Orthodox Church remains under Russian influence despite official organizational changes and that some of its leaders continue to publicly justify Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. Estonia also expelled Metropolitan Eugene, the head of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, following a national security assessment. The agency has further described Russian Orthodox structures abroad as a long-established cover for Russian intelligence operations. In Norway, security experts drew attention to the Russian Orthodox Church’s acquisition of property near military bases and critical infrastructure sites, raising concerns that Church infrastructure could serve as cover for intelligence activities.

Similarly, Latvia adopted legislation in 2022 requiring the Latvian Orthodox Church to sever its canonical ties with the Moscow Patriarchate, reflecting growing concerns over the Kremlin’s use of religious institutions as channels of influence. Meanwhile, in the Netherlands, several Orthodox parishes have distanced themselves from the Moscow Patriarchate following Patriarch Kirill’s endorsement of Russia’s invasion. This move illustrates growing resistance to the Kremlin’s influence within European Orthodox communities.

These cases of course show an indication that European governments are increasingly viewing certain networks of the Russian Orthodox Church through the prism national security. However, there is still work that must be done.

 

Source: https://neweasterneurope.eu/2026/10/12/the-church-as-an-instrument-of-the-kremlins-hybrid-influence/

Sunday, October 11, 2026

Ever-memorable John Floros, Priest

Greek source: Archive of the Sacred Struggle, Issue 2, Spring/Summer 2015, pp. 28-33.

 



The legendary Father John, the first priest of the Genuine Orthodox Christians, the celebrant of the All-Night Vigils and of the great Miracle of the Third Appearance of the Precious Cross, was born in 1860 in the village of Pentia (present-day Trikorfo) in Messenia, into a devout family.

In 1893, he married, and the very next year he was ordained Deacon and Priest by Archbishop Panaretos Konstantinidis of Messenia (†1897), and assumed parish duties at the parish church of his village, dedicated to Saint Nicholas.

After the repose of his presbytera, and having assumed responsibility for the care of his five children, he moved to Athens in 1923 for the sake of his youngest son's education, leaving his native village and remaining without a parish. He repeatedly appealed to the Archdiocese of Athens to be assigned a parish position, so that he could perform his liturgical duties and provide for the needs of his family, but without success. After months of great deprivation, the Most Holy Theotokos appeared to him in a dream and directed him to the then-picturesque little Church of Saint Eleftherios in Kato Patissia, Athens, which was destined to become his parish for a short time.

It was there that the Calendar Innovation imposed in 1924 found him. It was then that he responded with a resolute NO to the innovating Hierarchy of the Church of Greece, walling himself off from his innovating superiors and joining forces with the guardians of patristic traditions, the ordinary faithful people of God. As was to be expected, this stance brought him into conflict with the Archdiocese of Athens, which expelled him from Saint Eleftherios.

New trials began for Father John. From then on, every chapel on the outskirts of Attica found its celebrant in the person of the elderly priest, who possessed youthful zeal and conviction. He found particular solace when celebrating the Divine Liturgy at the then-abandoned small Monastery of Saint John the Theologian, on the slopes of Mount Hymettus (Municipality of Papagou), as well as at Omorfokklisia (Veikou) in Galatsi, both of which welcomed the Old Calendarists during the first years of the sacred Struggle.

The labors and hardships of Father John, who was one of the few married clergymen who remained with the Old Calendar, were blessed by God. To him was reserved the very great honor of being the celebrant at the All-Night Vigil for the Exaltation of the Precious Cross in 1925, at Saint John the Theologian on Mount Hymettus, during which that luminous white Cross appeared, filling the hearts of the faithful with joy, strengthening those exhausted by persecutions, and enlightening many to return to the ancestral piety, according to the testimonies of eyewitnesses.

In 1934, the Old Calendarists of Bala (present-day Rodopoli, Attica) invited him to celebrate the Divine Liturgy at the Byzantine Chapel of the Honorable Forerunner. However, the Christians began gathering there for the Divine Liturgy in vain, for they found the chapel securely locked by the police authorities. Father John, accustomed to prohibitions and persecutions, was undeterred, nor did he even consider depriving the devout faithful of the Divine Liturgy, in which they had gathered with such longing to participate. Accompanied, as always, by the faithful, he made his way to the village and, beside the site where the present-day Church of the Holy Trinity of Rodopoli stands, celebrated the Divine Liturgy outdoors, upon a stone that later became the foundation stone of that church.

Faithful in his observance of the Sacred Services, Father John never neglected his customary nighttime Service, even in his extreme old age. Only once, on a snowy night, was he compelled to depart from his usual practice, intending to read his Service a little later. But God, Who did not wish such a blessed practice of so many years to be interrupted, alerted him at the appropriate moment. Startled, the elderly Presbyter heard a voice coming from the small Icon of the Annunciation of the Theotokos, which he always carried with him, saying: “Father John, it is the early hour of dawn!” And the good Levite immediately rose to offer his morning glorification and praise to the holy God…

 

 

During the great persecution of the Genuine Orthodox Christians in 1951, despite his advanced age, Father John labored tirelessly, having transformed his home on Kanari Street in Kifisia into a secret spiritual refuge for the Genuine Orthodox.

At Christmas of that same year, according to the account of an eyewitness, the father according to the flesh of Nun Xeni, Abbess of the Holy Monastery of the Dormition of the Theotokos in Thrakomakedones, Attica, who later became the Monk Theologos, three trucks filled with faithful from various parts of Attica set out late in the evening on the eve of the great Feast to keep vigil, far from their innovating persecutors, at the Chapel of Saint Marina in Porto Rafti. The priest serving at that All-Night Vigil was also Father John. He was in the last truck, concealed beneath a pile of coats and overcoats.

Along the way, a police unit stopped the three trucks for inspection. When the police asked the purpose of their journey, the passengers in the first truck offered the naive excuse: “We’re going swimming,” even though it was a freezing December night, with considerable snow, and the three trucks were filled mainly with elderly people who were shivering from the cold. When those in the second and third trucks were asked where they were going, they replied: “Wherever the ones in front are going.” The Grace of God did not allow the policemen to examine that otherwise childish explanation in detail, and they permitted them to continue on their way.

The All-Night Vigil in the overcrowded little chapel was reminiscent of the early Christian era. The entire congregation chanted together, and the zealous priest heard the confessions of all those present and administered Holy Communion to them. At the end, everyone joyfully exchanged festive greetings, partook of a few simple refreshments, and departed for their homes, continuing to chant throughout the entire return journey.

Six months before his repose in the Lord, the heroic Father John was confined to his sickbed as a result of an accident. During this time, he was also visited by the ever-memorable Metropolitan Chrysostomos, formerly of Florina, who had returned from his second exile of seventeen months on the island of Mytilene.

On December 15, 1953, the feast day of the Holy Hieromartyr Eleftherios, in whose chapel he had once faithfully served, Father John fell asleep in the Lord the sleep of the righteous. He was buried at the Holy Monastery of the Wonderworking Saint Irene Chrysovalantou in Lykovrysi, Attica, whose sisterhood he had regularly served by administering the Holy Mysteries.

He was an unsung and courageous clergyman, a man of few words and great wisdom, who feared nothing but God, and whose name will remain in the history of the Genuine Orthodox Christians, inseparably linked with the awe-inspiring Miracle of the Third Appearance of the Precious Cross in 1925.

 

Online:

https://web.archive.org/web/20230811094514/https://ecclesiagoc.gr/images/stories/pdfs/Arxeion-2.pdf

The Spiritual Struggle

Protopresbyter Dionysios Tatsis | October 9, 2026 | Orthodoxos Typos

 

 

Clergymen often speak to the faithful about the virtues and the passions. In their sermons, they regard everything as easy: the acquisition of virtues without effort, and the struggle against the passions likewise without effort. The reality, however, is different. Every well-intentioned Christian faces his own difficulties in this twofold struggle. These difficulties vary according to each person's character, but also according to the way he has lived up to that point. Experience gained through sin is the great obstacle to overcoming the passions, while the acquisition of virtues requires continuous effort and is subject to the attacks of the evil one.

This twofold struggle is waged simultaneously, because the virtues and the passions are opposed to one another. The virtues mortify the passions, and the passions destroy the virtues. There is an unceasing battle. The spiritual combatant sees the virtues and desires them, but he must be sincere and resolute in combating the passions, because, in practice, the virtues he seeks cannot be acquired when he timidly indulges his sinful desires.

The virtues are not acquired overnight. There are many rungs on the ladder, and there is always the danger of falling and losing the benefit of all one's efforts up to that point. Confession, firm resolve, and practical application are necessary, not merely theoretical knowledge of the virtues and the passions. Each rung on the ladder of virtues represents an achievement that can easily be lost, leaving behind a bitter experience if there is no repentance and recovery. The experience of a fall can subsequently be transformed into spiritual strength and prevent further falls.

The passions, likewise, are deeply rooted in man and persistently demand satisfaction. He is easily taken captive by them and regards them as innocent and natural. He feels no concern, and only when they lead to some unpleasant incident does he begin to reflect on their existence and consider it necessary to restrain them.

Saint John of Kronstadt states that the passions distort a person's character: “A person who allows the passions, the offspring of the devil, to dwell in his heart gradually becomes infected with demonic pride, which makes his return to virtue difficult. This is because such a person is not easily convinced that he is a sinner and believes that he does nothing deserving of condemnation and that he is in the right, even when he follows his passions and sins.” The saint adds a saying: “We must cultivate the virtues, while the passions must be uprooted as soon as they appear.”

We often observe that some people have passions that are well known in the communities in which they live. These passions are deeply rooted in their hearts and remain unchecked. As these people grow older, their passions grow stronger as well, and it is pitiful to see elderly people, whose physical strength has deserted them, speaking and struggling to satisfy their passions! They remain enslaved to their passions throughout their lives!

There are, however, also those who struggle continually, even though they have become firmly established in virtue. They remain vigilant lest, at some difficult moment in their lives, the devil tempt them and they lose their spiritual fruit, which they humbly safeguard, never considering themselves beyond the reach of temptation.

May we all take the shining example of virtuous people as our spiritual guide, so that we may succeed in cultivating the virtues and combating our passions.

 

Greek source:

https://orthodoxostypos.gr/%e1%bd%81-%cf%80%ce%bd%ce%b5%cf%85%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%cf%8c%cf%82-%e1%bc%80%ce%b3%cf%8e%ce%bd/

Saturday, October 10, 2026

The Monastic Life: In Response to a Modernist Abbot’s Observations (1989)

by Bishop Chrysostomos [of Etna, +2019]

 

 

Hieromonk Laurence, Abbot of the Monastery of New Skete, a former Byzantine Catholic monastic institution now under the jurisdiction of the modernist Orthodox Church in America, presented the readers of the Greek Orthodox Theological Review with some surprising comments about Orthodox monasticism in his article, "Orthodox Monasticism Today: Some Reflections," which appeared in the Fall issue for 1987 (vol. 32, no. 3). His article is the text of an address delivered, along with other talks on the subject of Orthodox monasticism, at a conference held on the campus of the Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology. It is my understanding that the texts of the other addresses presented will also appear in the pages of The Greek Orthodox Theological Review, and I am certain that they will both challenge and take exception to much of what Abbot Laurence has written. I, however, would like to direct a few words of guidance to the readers of this article from the perspective of a rather strict and traditional monastic, hoping that my comments will counteract some of the erroneous notions that its author puts forth.

I will begin my few comments by noting that it is neither my business nor my intention to judge the monastic life of Abbot Laurence. I neither know him nor much of the monastic community which he leads. I wish simply to address myself to certain misunderstandings in what he writes of the Orthodox monastic life, allowing that these may not, in fact, affect his personal spiritual life, which again is unknown to me and not properly my concern. I am concerned here about the effect of his misunderstandings on those who might be misled by them in their understanding of the traditional form of monasticism which has survived through the ages in the Orthodox Church. Too often, today, the failures or foibles of monastics are put forth with fervor before the body of believers, while the far greater number of successful and dedicated monastics fade into oblivion. The monk who falls to the flesh, for example, is of greater interest —and far better known— than the countless number of his brothers who conquer the flesh. In such an atmosphere, the kinds of misunderstandings that we find in Father Laurence's comments about Orthodox monasticism are particularly harmful to the Faithful.

There are many things in the Abbot's article which are worthy of note. I will not comment on these. Rather, I will comment on a specific paragraph in the article, reproduced below, which seems to represent and summarize the misunderstandings of monasticism to which I have referred. He writes:

Throughout the Church, whether here or abroad, monastic life is imprisoned by nominalism and reductionism not unlike the trap that ensnares so much Protestantism through its literalism and fundamentalism. The spiritual life encouraged and practiced is itself a form of idolatry: the Jesus prayer is flaunted along with prayer ropes, and this is passed off as hesychasm. Monks and nuns are perpetually concerned with what they will or will not eat, what they will wear, and what typikon they will follow, but little concern seems to be spent on how they will save their souls. Our clothing has long enjoyed a life of its own, disproving the age-old dictum that the habit doesn't make the monk. Though we notice that some of those who love to parade in monastic garb do not hesitate at times to exchange this garb for the most fashionable of street clothes and jewelry to be worn in all kinds of non-monastic settings. Others are into all kinds of extreme ascetic practices such as minimum sleep and nourishment, and these extraordinary and stressful conditions bring on hallucinatory reactions that we then proceed to label as mystical experiences of God and his saints. The whole of life is more and more a matter of externals and superstitions we are unwilling to part with.

Now, I have visited or lived in monasteries in the United States, Greece, Romania, Serbia, Great Britain, France, and Bulgaria —all Orthodox institutions, and many ancient. Some I found healthy and flourishing. Others I found lax and apparently moribund. In some I found remarkable human beings. In some I found simple, but pious believers. In some I found individuals so free of common sin that one could rightly call them "angels on earth." In others I found repentant sinners, some repenting even of the most serious falls from their monastic vows, yet angelic in their obvious desire to be lifted above the clay and mire in which they had wallowed. Indeed, I have probably seen more monasteries and met more monastics than most. In all of these travels, "whether here or abroad," I know of almost no instances in which I encountered literalism and fundamentalism, if only because the very commitment to Orthodox monasticism is a commitment to the philosophical life —and to a philosophical life sophisticated enough not to equate the technical philosophies of "nominalism" and "reductionism" with "literalism" and "fundamentalism," an equation which is both superficial and incorrect.

Most Orthodox monasticism is centered on the Prayer of Jesus. As the Fathers tell us, this prayer is a "Gospel in miniature." The extent to which its use or even misuse, for that matter, borders on idolatry is indeed in the eye of the observer. And the critical factor of differentiation in that observer's eye is most certainly his understanding of the Gospel message. Basic kerygma begins in the Gospels, and their exhortation rises, according to Orthodox teaching, above the power of the letter and touches the spirit. If we accept this understanding, the Prayer of Jesus touches the heart, activates it, and transforms it; and this not by intellectual perception alone, not by the power of intuitive faculties alone, but within the very power of the Christ, Who is the Gospel in form and in flesh. This understanding assuredly has not the remotest connections with nominalism, nor is it literalistic or reductionist. And to be sure, it is not idolatrous, unless one means by idolatry something foreign to the lexicon of the Fathers and of the Christian message.

That the use of the prayer rope in reciting the Prayer of Jesus is not hesy chasm hardly needs saying. In fact, the accusation shows a serious misunderstanding of the nexus between praxis and theoria and a gross misunderstanding of the levels of growth by which something elementary is elevated to something profound and spontaneous. An ascent in the spirit begins with some mundane and seemingly external actions, just as flight begins with activity tied to the ground. It is not within the realm of the fair and objective to make light of beginnings by pointing out that they lack the qualities of ends. Nor can one judge the inner life of even the most apparently inexperienced monastic by observing how he uses or misuses the prayer rope. Spiritual life is always hidden and always rises above such casual criteria.

Most monastics are imitators of Christ. Like Christ, they fast. Like Christ, they live the life of poverty, both in what they wear and what they possess. They do, therefore, spend time thinking about food and clothing, but this in the strange sense of thinking how best not to think of these. They are careful not to eat that which invites gluttony or attachment to food, but to partake of the "daily bread" that provides for sustenance. They are worried about clothing that might move them away from the hem of the Savior's garment, which we all touch, entreating Christ to clothe them in His righteousness. And all of this monastics do for the very purpose of salvation. It is precisely the search for salvation which prompts them to be concerned about such things.

As Christ was obedient, so, too, the monastic is obedient. While some converts enter into the Orthodox monastic life wishing to reform the services and to discard this or that "typikon," most Orthodox monastics follow the typikon of their monastic superiors, linking themselves to an ongoing succession of spiritual power that affects, indeed, the roots of salvation itself. Fidelity to a typikon and care for its preservation should not, therefore, be mistaken as something other than a concern for salvation or, at least, the path towards salvation. Rather, one should fear those who misunderstand this kind of obedience and who bring into the Church a spirit of reform and a concern for "relevance" —things engendered by a pitiable lack of experience with the living power that is transmitted through care for the typika, or paths, on which our forefathers have walked to Paradise.

The Canons of the Church forbid clergy to adorn themselves, allowing even for the excommunication of those who style their hair, wear rich silk garments, or shave their faces for the purpose of looking better or more stylish. The austere garb which Canons appoint to nuns and monks is designed, likewise, to avoid vanity and worldliness. It may be that some monastics dress up in their habits in order to impress others, and then sport the dress of stylish laymen in various non-monastic settings. If this is so, these "monastics" have failed to comprehend the meaning of the habit. We wear simple black clothing to pronounce that we are dead to the world and to its notions of fashion. We cover ourselves completely to obscure the fallen body and to take on the purity and dignity appropriate to our bodies when they are kept pure and unspotted. The very purpose of our habits is to keep us away from non-monastic settings. To deride the habit, then, because some misuse it is not a very logical thing, unless such derision is meant somehow, in a bit of chicanery which is unbecoming good Christians, to condemn something worthy by emphasizing its unworthy misuse. We true monastics walk, talk, eat, and sleep in our habits, never remove them, and use them to safeguard our being in "non-monastic settings." Our clothes thus make us. They make us careful, wary, cautious, and continuously aware of our calling.

Too much sleep and too much nourishment lead to lethargy, poor health, and inattention to things spiritual. So the Fathers teach us. Fasting and a life which limits sleep to that absolutely necessary for the regeneration of the body lead to a state of spiritual watchfulness and attentiveness. So the Fathers teach us. Modern psychology tells us that excessive amounts of sleep lead to mental inactivity. Modern medicine teaches us that excessive food leads to many diseases, such as cancer and heart ailments. All of this is consistent with the teachings of the Fathers. Modern psychology tells us that excessive sleep deprivation leads to mental disorientation. The Fathers teach that it leads to spiritual delusion. Modern medicine tells us that states of near starvation can evoke hallucinations. The Fathers warn spiritual aspirants, and especially neophytes, that excessive fasting can lead to fantasies. Modern psychology and medicine and the teachings of the Fathers, therefore, are in full accord. They do not disagree. How, then, can one seriously consider the accusation that the control of food and sleep suggested by the Fathers of the Church is naive and leads to hallucinations? The Fathers of the Church teach just what modern medicine does: that too little or too much sleep, and that too little or too much food are dangerous. In his accusations against traditional monastic practice, Father Laurence reveals a deep misunderstanding of real Orthodox monastic practice and a rather sorry lack of reading in the ascetic literature of the Church. His mistake leads to a statement about hesychasm which is unfounded and so provocative, that we might just leave the matter where it is.

Orthodox monastic life involves a system which contemporary psychologists call a "feedback loop." By attention to externals, we affect internals; and by the restored internal state, external attributes are affected. Endlessly linked to one another, internals and externals interact with one another to the point that they are no longer separate. The humble spirit manifests itself in the humble face; the sweet countenance in the sweetness of spirit; and the contrite heart within a contrite act. Grace brings what is inside out and what is outside in. Grace molds, blends, and transforms. And if to the naive and unseeing spirit this seems to be a process that rises out of superstition, then it is the kind of superstition that makes planes fly and radios speak.

With all due respect to Abbot Laurence, there are those of us who hold to Orthodox monasticism as a greedy man holds to a rich gem. We know its worth. We have scratched it across the glass of life, and it has made a deep and lasting imprint. We will not let it go, for, to quote the monk Evagrios, it is a "sweet life." We can only lament the bitterness of those who fail to know that sweetness. I would call the Faithful to join in that lamentation and to resist being pulled away into doubt or misbelief about the monastic life by those who improperly understand it.

 

Source: Orthodox Tradition, Vol. VI (1989), No. 4, p. 4.

A New Orthodoxy: Is this the Faith of our Fathers? (1989)

The Orthodox Church professes to preserve the Faith of the Apostolic Church. Wherever a right-believing Bishop with Apostolic Succession walks in the spiritual footsteps of the Fathers, there the whole Church of Christ is. Wherever there are those loyal to the rock of St. Peter's confession of Christ as the Son of the living God, there Orthodoxy is. And wherever the traditions of the Church and the Fathers are guarded faithfully, as St. Paul enjoins us to do, there we find our Faith. Spiritual succession, the living Faith of the Saints, the unity of God-inspired liturgical and spiritual traditions, the oneness of witness in Orthodox Baptism and Communion—these express our Faith.

But now we find, especially in America and Western Europe, a new kind of Orthodoxy, based on innovation, neo-papist notions of "officialdom," sophomoric criticism of the Fathers and of the Church's liturgical practices, and a relativism that places fidelity to the humanistic dictates of ecumenism above the dictates of the Christian conscience.

We are seeing inadequately converted clergymen and scholars create, in the midst of several modernist jurisdictions, a "church" which is far from that of the Fathers. This new Orthodoxy has manifested itself in two forms. On the one hand, there is a would-be "intellectual" trend in modernist circles, replacing the pious study of the Fathers that marks true theology in the Orthodox Church with the traditions of textual criticism, often marked by a snide spirit of doubt and impiety unknown to Orthodox spirituality. The expertise of Latin scholarship is often exalted over that of pious Orthodox theologians—"the superstitions of simple-minded Greeks," as one seminary professor recently remarked. So it is that another seminary instructor in a modernist jurisdiction beset by this spirit of unedifying disdain for Orthodox tradition began a course on liturgics with the incredible comment: "Now we will see how the Liturgy came into its present decrepit state...."

It is no wonder that these same "intellectuals" clamor to create a monasticism which is unrecognizable to us traditional Orthodox, compromised as it is by innovation, a spirituality of the brain, not the heart, and by a minimalism that dismisses traditional Orthodox asceticism with unwise talk about its abuses, rather than its centuries of triumphs —a monasticism of communal romanticism and social service lived, at times, by unbalanced individuals more to be pitied than emulated. No wonder, too, that such intellectual circles have created a "reformed" Liturgy derived from the data of historical research rather than the living, organic witness of a Liturgy wholly adequate to those truly immersed in the spiritual life which has formed it.

On the other hand, we are seeing the humble and self-effacing example of our Saints swept aside by the pompous and bombastic egotism of Bible-thumping "evangelists," who have come into various modernist jurisdictions with an understanding of traditional Orthodox piety so minimal that one blushes in thinking about it. The rubrics of pop-psychology and the tactics of the "Jesus freaks" of the 1960s are now openly preached in the name of the Orthodox Church, at times with arrogant denunciations of the ethnics and" backward" traditionalists into whose Church these misguided individuals have entered by the back door. Gone for them is the sure guidance of spiritual principles based on centuries of spiritual experience—Holy Tradition.

One would, of course, delight at the thought of a true Patristic revival in the Orthodox Church, a truly intellectual movement towards the brilliant body of wisdom contained in the Fathers. We desperately need such a thing. But such a movement must be based in true scholarship, not on snide commentaries gleaned from secondary (and usually non-Orthodox) materials by those who can only minimally read the Fathers in the original anyway. And certainly such a movement cannot divorce a study of the Fathers from traditional piety, from profound awe for what they have passed down to us, including the Divine Liturgy in its present form, and for the common civility which should mark true scholars, one aspect of which is respect for our Church Fathers and for our elders in the Faith.

One could also do nothing more than shout for joy at the return of Protestant evangelicals to the Orthodox Faith. Sincere evangelicals, deeply rooted in a Biblical Christianity and a respect for moral rectitude —how could they do anything but fulfill their Faith and adorn our Church by returning to Orthodoxy? But such Christians are a far cry from the cigar-smoking, tract-distributing purveyors of the "religious product" who now wish to use Orthodoxy to "evangelize" America. Real evangelicals would truly understand the need for self-perfection as a path to evangelization. And certainly they would have entered into the Church, not through innovation and "deals," but through humble submission to the traditions of the Church—including Orthodox Baptism, which is required for entry into the Eastern Church, save in rare and individual cases.

In seeing all that this new Orthodoxy is, as well as what it is not, one is prompted to ask: "Indeed, is this the Faith of our Fathers, the Faith for which many of us have sacrificed, even to the point of shedding our own blood?"

An Inauthentic Witness

The majority of the Orthodox Church is suffering under the yoke of communism and hostile oppression. The modernists—a handful of Orthodox in Western Europe and the Americas (less than 20% of world Orthodoxy) and the products, for the most part, of the calendar reform of the 1920s—, however, enjoy the freedom and wealth of the West. They have used these advantages to establish their minority views, to foster the un-Orthodox innovations which hold forth under the sponsorship of their jurisdictions, and to gain the attention of the press in the New World.

They have effectively disenfranchised the body of True Orthodox. With their money, they have even taken over several, dying ancient Patriarchates, or sought legitimacy from captive Sees anxious to have any voice in the West. Mediocre theologians and Churchmen, more marked by their experience in the corporate boardroom than the cells of monasteries—the traditional training grounds for spiritual leaders—, have spewed forth notions of Orthodoxy that, while perhaps new and intriguing to a naive heterodox audience, smack of the innovative spirit of those who have little careful guidance and experience in the way of life which they purport to teach.

We see converts and former Greek Catholics dismissing traditionalist Orthodox as fanatics and "fringe elements" outside the Church, all the while violating every basic Canon of the Orthodox Church by inviting joint prayer with those who are outside the Church—outside the Church, not by virtue of traditionalist polemics, but by the decrees of the Fathers and Councils who guide our Faith. All of this characterizes this new church: an inauthentic religion rooted in a deviation from genuine tradition and watered, at times, by an unfortunate spirit of arrogance—a church fueled by hostility towards authentic Orthodox tradition; towards the ethnics who have, however perfectly or imperfectly, guarded it, following the apostasy of the West; and towards all that calls Orthodoxy, not to a witness of worldly officialdom, but spiritual succession and honesty.

Sad Consequences

One of the sad consequences of the ascendency of this inauthentic Orthodoxy over True Orthodoxy is that, at a time when Western Christians are increasingly hungry for new spiritual food, they are being offered a proverbial stone in the place of Orthodoxy's Apostolic bread. Inauthentic Orthodoxy is victimizing the hungry West.

Orthodoxy teaches that Christ established one Church and that the Orthodox Church embodies this True Church. There are Mysteries within this Church—Baptism and Ordination among them—which belong only to Her. She is the criterion of truth and within Her lies the fullness of the Christian witness. She is the anchor after which many Western Christians seek.

This new "Orthodoxy," seeking to attain worldly recognition and to give wrong and un-Orthodox beliefs the flavor of Orthodox historical primacy, has changed this teaching. It has, in accord with political ecumenism, begun to declare that the Orthodox Church is not the One, True Church, the criterion of Christianity, but that She, in a spirit of deep love, accepts the sacraments and Christian ways of others. They have made of the Orthodox anchor a sail by which to blow the dinghy of their self-created church here and there, according to the whims of contemporary ecumenism.

Thus it is that the ecumenical movement is more often than not deprived of the witness of True Orthodox—though we emphasize here very clearly that there are yet some traditional voices in the modernist Orthodox Churches and among their representatives in the ecumenical movement, and that the inauthenticity of what these modernists have created certainly has not taken from them Orthodoxy in the canonical and technical sense. In ecumenical meetings, the heterodox inevitably encounter shaved clergy in Roman clerical garb. The witness of the Apostles and Patriarchs embodied by traditional Orthodox garb they see only in Hierarchs, many of whom are represented, not as equals among the many Bishops, but as the equivalents of "Cardinals," "Princes of the Church," and so on. Few ecumenists see Orthodox representatives at their various gatherings refraining from meat and dairy products on Wednesdays and Fridays, and few, to be sure, realize that their steak-eating Orthodox guests, who ignore these canonical prescriptions, are violating the basic spiritual disciplines of the religion they claim to represent.

The ecumenists learn from most of these modernist Orthodox representatives that the traditionalists—a majority—are a minority, overtaken by a spirit of fanaticism and "legalism" incompatible with the ecumenical spirit. Never do they learn that we who hold strongly to the tenets of our Faith do so with a deep yearning for Christian unity and with a deep love for our Christian brothers and sisters outside the Orthodox Church. They do not learn that we hold fast to our Apostolic Faith because we believe that the non-Orthodox will one day return to it, finding in Orthodoxy the fulfillment of their own sincere and honored Christian aspirations. They do not know that our "legalism" is based on honest adherence to our Church's teachings and that our "fanaticism" is nothing more than a fidelity which leads us not to hatred for the non-Orthodox, but to a profound love for them.

Were sincere heterodox ecumenists to hear our voices, they would hear both a stern and a loving note. And they might encounter an Orthodoxy with a power far greater than the inauthentic Orthodoxy which says: "Together with you we will find the Church." Indeed, they might rejoice at the refreshing honesty of an Orthodoxy that says: "We are what you were, and in us you can return to a unity which belongs to all of us, which was never really lost, and that has preserved the Church of the Apostles."

The ecumenical spirit of the Faith of our Fathers is based in honest and uncompromising love, not a love created by inauthenticity and human machinations.

An Impediment to Unity

Another tragic effect of the ascendency of inauthentic Orthodoxy is the separation of Orthodox themselves. What is inauthentic is threatened by the authentic. It strives to obscure the authentic. Thus, the modernist movements have found themselves increasingly separated from True Orthodoxy. Even when they go to such places as Mt. Athos, they seek out those who will tolerate them, not those who can lead them, correct them, and counsel them. If we can stop the course of Orthodox innovation and persuade the innovators to leave their false ways, then we Orthodox can find unity. This demands of us traditionalists both a stern and uncompromising stand and a loving, open attitude. But it demands from the innovators something which they do not have: honesty and humility. They must turn from their errors, admit those errors, and honestly confess that they are not what they should be.

 

Source: Orthodox Tradition, Vol. 6, No. 4, 1989, pp. 1-2.

 

Panagiotis Simatis, walled-off theologian (+2023): An Outline and Summary of His Eight-Part Study on the Validity of Mysteries

Σκέψεις για έγκυρα-άκυρα μυστήρια — Reflections on Valid and Invalid Mysteries

(December 1–27, 2018)

Generated by ChatGPT High on 10 October 2026.

 

Having examined all eight essays, I would characterize Simatis's exposition as a historical, patristic, and canonical defense of the validity of Mysteries performed by heretical clergy who have not yet been deprived of their priestly authority by the Church, combined with an uncompromising defense of the faithful's obligation to separate from such clergy.

His argument is directed against two opposing tendencies within contemporary anti-Ecumenism: those who declare the Mysteries of uncondemned heretics automatically invalid, and those who use the validity of those Mysteries to justify continued ecclesiastical communion with the heretics.

Simatis considers both positions contrary to the practice of the ancient Church.

I. The central theological argument

His exposition rests upon five interconnected propositions.

1. Heresy and the loss of priestly authority are not identical events.

A bishop or priest may fall into heresy, even knowingly and obstinately, without thereby automatically losing the authority to celebrate the Mysteries.

The heretic is spiritually alienated from the truth of the Church, but formal exclusion from the priesthood requires an ecclesiastical judgment.

2. The grace operating through the priesthood is distinct from the spiritual condition of the priest.

God can operate through an unworthy minister for the salvation of the faithful, even when that minister has forfeited divine grace in his personal spiritual life through heresy or grave sin.

Simatis draws especially upon St. John Chrysostom and St. Nicodemus the Hagiorite.

3. The faithful must separate from heretical shepherds before their synodal condemnation.

The validity of a heretical bishop's Mysteries does not justify receiving Communion from him.

The purpose of separation (ἀποτείχισις) is to preserve the Orthodox Faith, avoid spiritual filement (μολυσμός), and refuse participation in heresy.

4. Validity does not guarantee spiritual benefit.

An objectively valid Mystery may be received unto condemnation by someone who knowingly maintains communion with a heretic.

Consequently, the validity of the Eucharist and its beneficial reception are separate questions.

5. The Church, acting through its competent ecclesiastical authority, removes the priestly authority of condemned heretics.

Simatis repeatedly argues that a Synod's deposition does not merely acknowledge that the minister lost his priesthood at some earlier, indeterminate moment. Rather, the synodal judgment actually deprives him of the authority he previously possessed.

His essential distinction is therefore between the personal spiritual condition of a heretical minister and the continued canonical and sacramental operation of his priestly office pending ecclesiastical judgment.

II. Outline of the eight essays

Part I — The theological foundations: Heresy, priesthood, and sacramental validity

Read Part I — December 1, 2018

Simatis explains that the study originated in disputes among Orthodox Christians who had ceased communion with Ecumenist hierarchs. Some were insisting that all Ecumenists and everyone communicating with them possessed invalid Mysteries.

He questions this reasoning through the hypothetical example of a bishop who secretly embraces heresy.

The bishop's beliefs might remain unknown for many years. Would his Mysteries suddenly become invalid upon the public discovery of his heresy, despite his believing precisely the same doctrines beforehand?

Simatis considers such a conclusion untenable.

He develops his position through several authorities:

  • St. John Chrysostom: God operates even through unworthy priests for the sake of the faithful.
  • St. Nicodemus the Hagiorite: God works through clergy who have not been deposed, but not through those who have been justly deposed.
  • The Seventh Ecumenical Council: The reception of clergy ordained by heretics demonstrates that heresy does not necessarily entail automatic loss of priestly authority.
  • The iconoclastic controversy: If the Mysteries celebrated under uncondemned iconoclastic clergy were all invalid, the Church would have faced the enormous problem of restoring innumerable Baptisms, Eucharists, and other Mysteries.

Simatis introduces the crucial distinction between μολυσμός and sacramental invalidity.

He argues that heretical teaching and communion with its proponents cause spiritual defilement. Yet the Mysteries themselves are not intrinsically defiled merely because an uncondemned heretical minister celebrates them.

He also considers the differing responsibility of the informed and uninformed faithful.

A believer who unknowingly receives Communion from an uncondemned heretic is not in the same spiritual position as one who knowingly and willingly supports that heresy.

Principal conclusion: Heresy necessitates separation, but sacramental invalidity does not automatically follow from the heresy itself.

Part II — Arius and the early history of the Arian controversy

Read Part II — December 5, 2018

Simatis turns from theological principles to the historical practice of the Church.

His principal example is Arius.

He traces Arius's ecclesiastical career, his earlier association with the Melitian schism, his deposition and restoration, his ordination to the priesthood, and his subsequent propagation of heretical teachings.

The important observation is that Arius was already heretical in his convictions while exercising his priestly ministry.

Simatis then considers the ecclesiastical confusion surrounding Arius and his supporters.

Some bishops condemned Arius, while others defended him, maintained communion with him, or questioned the condemnation.

This produced complicated networks of ecclesiastical communion in which Orthodox bishops sometimes remained in communion with bishops who supported Arius.

Simatis asks whether all these bishops thereby automatically lost their priesthood or whether their Mysteries became invalid.

He finds no basis for such an automatic conclusion.

He also cites St. Alexander of Alexandria's warnings regarding Arius and his defenders.

According to Simatis, Alexander's principal concern was the spread of heretical teaching and the corruption of the faithful, rather than assertions of sacramental invalidity.

Principal conclusion: During the emergence of Arianism, the Church distinguished between condemning heretical teaching, avoiding communion with its proponents, and formally depriving clergy of their priestly authority.

Part III — The First Ecumenical Council and the persistence of Arian bishops

Read Part III — December 7, 2018

The argument proceeds through the Council of Nicaea (325) and its aftermath.

Simatis emphasizes that bishops sympathetic to Arianism participated in the Council and that some accepted its decisions without sincerely abandoning their heretical beliefs.

His examples include Eusebius of Nicomedia, Theognis of Nicaea, and other bishops whose subsequent conduct exposed their doctrinal sympathies.

He stresses that the Church did not invariably treat these bishops as men who had already and automatically ceased to possess priesthood.

He then examines their efforts to undermine Orthodox bishops, particularly St. Eustathius of Antioch and St. Athanasius of Alexandria.

The Arian party was able to secure condemnations of Orthodox bishops through ecclesiastical proceedings. Yet the conflict concerned the canonical legitimacy of these proceedings and the doctrines involved, rather than a universal declaration that every Arianizing bishop possessed invalid Mysteries.

Simatis considers this significant because some of these bishops continued exercising ecclesiastical authority despite their doctrinal deviations.

Principal conclusion: The Church's historical treatment of Arianizing bishops demonstrates the importance of formal ecclesiastical judgment and the insufficiency of private declarations of sacramental invalidity.

Part IV — The testimony of the Seventh Ecumenical Council and the Arian disputes

Read Part IV — December 8, 2018

This part contains some of the most important documentary material in the entire series.

Simatis temporarily interrupts his account of the Arian controversy to examine the proceedings of the Seventh Ecumenical Council (787).

He quotes Patriarch Tarasios on the reception of clergy ordained by heretics.

Three examples are particularly important.

Anatolios of Constantinople

Anatolios had been ordained by Dioscorus of Alexandria before the latter's condemnation.

His ordination was accepted by the Church.

The bishops ordained by Monothelite patriarchs

Tarasios observes that bishops ordained by the Monothelite patriarchs Sergios, Pyrrhos, Paul, and Peter participated in the Sixth Ecumenical Council.

Those patriarchs were condemned, yet the ordinations they had administered were not simply repudiated.

St. Basil the Great's letter to the Nicopolitans

St. Basil rejected the reception of ordinations performed by heretical bishops for the purpose of undermining the Orthodox Faith.

Tarasios, however, distinguished this prohibition from the Church's reception of clergy ordained during periods of doctrinal confusion and later reconciled to Orthodoxy.

Simatis understands this discussion as demonstrating that the Church employed discernment and economia rather than an indiscriminate rule invalidating everything performed by a heretical bishop.

He then resumes the history of Arianism, examining rival synods, competing episcopal appointments, and the contrasting responses of Eastern and Western bishops.

Principal conclusion: The Seventh Ecumenical Council provides positive evidence against the proposition that ordination by an uncondemned heretic must automatically be invalid.

Part V — St. Athanasius, separation from heretical bishops, and the limits of economia

Read Part V — December 13, 2018

Simatis concentrates upon the continuation of the Arian controversy after Nicaea.

His particularly striking example is St. Athanasius's conduct in Antioch.

Athanasius refused ecclesiastical communion with Leontios, the Arianizing bishop of Antioch, and instead communicated with the Orthodox faithful who supported the exiled St. Eustathius and assembled in private houses.

Simatis emphasizes that Athanasius did not need first to demonstrate the invalidity of Leontios's Mysteries.

The bishop's heretical teaching was sufficient reason for separation.

He further examines the Councils of Ariminum, Seleucia, and Constantinople, discussing how Orthodox and Arianizing bishops participated in ecclesiastical proceedings amid great doctrinal confusion.

The essay makes an important practical criticism of contemporary anti-Ecumenists.

Some, according to Simatis, argue that the faithful must be told that Ecumenist Mysteries are invalid, because otherwise they will not consent to cease communion.

Simatis condemns this as dishonest.

He maintains that the faithful should be taught the true patristic reason for separation: the danger of communion with heresy, irrespective of whether the Mysteries are valid.

Principal conclusion: Separation from heretics must be founded upon fidelity to Orthodox doctrine, not upon potentially unfounded assertions about sacramental invalidity.

Part VI — The faithful of Edessa, the deposition of Nestorius, and the authority of Synods

Read Part VI — December 20, 2018

Simatis opens with the example of the Orthodox Christians of Edessa during the reign of the Arian emperor Valens.

When their Orthodox bishop, Barses, was displaced and an Arian bishop, Loukos, was imposed, the faithful refused communion with the intruder.

They assembled elsewhere despite threats of persecution.

Simatis recounts the courage of a mother who willingly brought her infant child to the Orthodox gathering despite the danger of violence.

The lesson is that the faithful considered preservation of the Orthodox Faith more important than convenient access to church buildings or sacramental services.

He then moves to the Third Ecumenical Council (431) and its condemnation of Nestorius.

This section is particularly important for Simatis's understanding of priesthood.

He interprets the deposition of Nestorius as the Church's actual removal of episcopal authority.

He discusses several canons of the Third Ecumenical Council, especially Canons 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7, together with St. Nicodemus's explanations.

Simatis argues that the Church's formal condemnation deprives heretics of ecclesiastical authority and that the mere existence of heretical convictions does not produce that effect automatically.

He also distinguishes between heretics who have separated into bodies outside the Church and those who continue to occupy ecclesiastical offices without having been synodally deposed.

Principal conclusion: The faithful must resist heretical clergy immediately, while the deprivation of priestly authority belongs to the Church's canonical judgment.

Part VII — Anthimos of Constantinople, Pope Agapetus, and the Synod of 536

Read Part VII — December 22, 2018

Simatis examines the Monophysite controversy surrounding Patriarch Anthimos of Constantinople.

Anthimos supported Monophysite teaching, although the relevant doctrines had already been condemned by the Fourth Ecumenical Council.

Nevertheless, he continued occupying the patriarchal throne until ecclesiastical action was taken against him.

Simatis considers this an especially significant parallel to contemporary Ecumenist hierarchs.

The Constantinopolitan monks opposed Anthimos, refused to accept his doctrinal position, and appealed for his removal.

Pope Agapetus refused ecclesiastical communion with Anthimos and intervened against him.

After Agapetus's death, the Synod under Patriarch Menas examined the matter further and confirmed the condemnation.

Simatis emphasizes the distinction between the monks' rejection of the heretic and the formal ecclesiastical proceedings that deprived him of his position and priestly authority.

He also discusses the condemnation of Severus of Antioch and related proceedings.

A particularly interesting example concerns the Orthodox people demanding a public confession of Chalcedonian Orthodoxy and the condemnation of Severus before resuming communion.

Their demand concerned the defense of the Faith and the rejection of heresy, not a demand to establish that all previous Mysteries were invalid.

Principal conclusion: Even when a bishop embraces an already condemned heresy, the Church's historical practice includes personal examination, demands for repentance, and formal condemnation, rather than assuming that every canonical consequence has automatically occurred.

Part VIII — Chalcedon, the Three Chapters, ecclesiastical judgment, and authentic economia

Read Part VIII — December 27, 2018

The final installment supplied contains several interconnected historical examples.

Dioscorus of Alexandria

Simatis notes that the Fourth Ecumenical Council dealt with Dioscorus as a bishop subject to judgment before formally condemning him.

For Simatis, this distinguishes doctrinal guilt from the canonical deprivation of episcopal authority.

Theodoretos of Cyrus

Theodoretos had been condemned by the Robber Council of 449.

The Council of Chalcedon subsequently examined his case and restored him after he explicitly anathematized Nestorius.

Simatis uses the episode to illustrate the importance of synodal examination, confession of faith, and ecclesiastical restoration.

Bassianos and Stephanos

He discusses the dispute over the episcopal see of Ephesus and Chalcedon's decision to distinguish possession of the episcopal dignity from the right to occupy a particular episcopal throne.

Again, the point concerns ecclesiastical authority and the distinction between possessing priesthood and exercising a particular jurisdiction.

The Three Chapters and Theodore of Mopsuestia

Simatis then turns to the Fifth Ecumenical Council (553).

He describes the Church's efforts to address the teachings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, the controversy surrounding Nestorianism, and the use of pastoral economia by Saints Cyril of Alexandria and Proclus of Constantinople.

The purpose of such economia was the reconciliation of the erring and the safeguarding of ecclesiastical peace without surrendering the Orthodox Faith.

Finally, Simatis discusses Pope Vigilius and his conduct during the controversy.

He again maintains that a bishop may alienate himself spiritually from the Church through heresy while continuing to possess ecclesiastical office until the Church acts against him.

Principal conclusion: The Ecumenical Councils combined doctrinal firmness with canonical procedures, personal examination, and pastoral economia, instead of treating sacramental authority as automatically extinguished whenever heresy appeared.

III. The principal distinctions running throughout the study

The following table summarizes Simatis's ecclesiological position.

Question

Simatis's answer

Is an uncondemned bishop who publicly preaches heresy genuinely heretical?

Yes. His heresy does not depend upon a future synodal declaration.

Is he therefore automatically deprived of the authority to celebrate the Mysteries?

No.

Are his Mysteries valid before deposition?

Simatis argues that they remain valid.

Does their validity justify receiving Communion from him?

Absolutely not.

Can a valid Mystery be received unto condemnation?

Yes, particularly through conscious communion with heresy.

Does communion with an uncondemned heretic automatically invalidate another bishop's Mysteries?

No. Simatis rejects such automatic consequences.

What is the principal danger of communion with heretics?

Spiritual defilement through communion with their heresy and complicity in its propagation.

What should the faithful do before a Synod condemns the heretic?

Cease ecclesiastical communion with him and uphold the Orthodox Faith.

Who has authority to depose a heretical bishop?

The competent ecclesiastical authority, particularly a lawful Synod.

May economia be employed?

Yes, for genuine pastoral purposes, but not as a justification for compromising the Faith.

 

IV. His conception of the Church and heretical clergy

One of the most interesting features of Simatis's argument is his treatment of the apparent contradiction between describing a heretical bishop as outside the Church and recognizing his continuing priestly authority.

His solution is to distinguish two aspects of the bishop's condition.

First, in relation to the truth of the Faith, the bishop has alienated himself from the Church. Simatis acknowledges the patristic teaching that those who are not of the truth are not of the Church of Christ.

Second, in relation to his existing ecclesiastical office, the bishop remains subject to the Church's authority and has not necessarily lost the sacramental powers conferred through ordination.

Simatis employs the analogy of a diseased or rotten member.

A diseased member can still belong to the organism until it is removed. In his presentation, the process of ecclesiastical judgment determines and effects the canonical exclusion of the offending minister.

This helps explain his repeated appeal to the language of removing a bishop from his priestly office: he argues that an authority must still exist if it is subsequently to be taken away.

The resulting distinction may be expressed as follows:

  • Doctrinally and spiritually: The persistent heretic has separated himself from the truth.
  • Canonically and sacramentally: The Church has not necessarily deprived him of the priestly authority he previously received.
  • Practically: The Orthodox faithful must avoid communion with him even before the Church has formally deposed him.

These three propositions are not contradictory in Simatis's framework. They constitute its foundation.

V. His understanding of spiritual defilement

Simatis's treatment of μολυσμός is particularly significant.

He rejects the assumption that spiritual defilement necessarily means that the Eucharistic elements have ceased to be the Body and Blood of Christ.

He instead identifies several interrelated dangers.

Heresy defiles through false teaching. Ecclesiastical communion with a heretical shepherd constitutes participation in, or at least a failure to resist, his heresy. Conscious reception of Holy Communion from such a shepherd may then become an occasion of divine judgment.

Thus, he distinguishes between the objective celebration of the Mystery and its spiritual effect upon the recipient.

The most important consequence is that a valid Eucharist can be spiritually harmful to someone who deliberately receives it in circumstances involving conscious betrayal of the Orthodox Faith.

This explains why he does not regard sacramental validity as an argument for remaining in communion with Ecumenist hierarchs.

Indeed, he considers that reasoning particularly dangerous.

VI. His understanding of economia

Another distinction requires attention.

Simatis does not reject ecclesiastical economia as such. He repeatedly adduces examples of legitimate economia in the ancient Church.

Nevertheless, he opposes what he regards as the misuse of economia to justify prolonged communion with publicly heretical hierarchs.

For him, authentic economia must have a definite ecclesiastical purpose: the salvation of the faithful, the restoration of the erring, and the preservation of the Church's unity in the truth.

He recognizes pastoral accommodation in the reception of clergy ordained during heretical disturbances, temporary restraint in personal condemnations, and patience intended to facilitate repentance.

But he objects to invoking economia as a reason to remain indefinitely in communion with those who openly propagate heresy.

This produces an important twofold position:

The validity of an uncondemned heretic's Mysteries is not itself an economia. Simatis presents it as the consequence of the continued existence of priestly authority before deposition.

The exercise of pastoral discretion in dealing with heretical clergy and their followers, however, may involve economia.

He considers the failure to distinguish these questions responsible for much of the contemporary confusion.

VII. The strongest features of his argument—and its interpretive limits

In my assessment, three elements are especially important.

First, Simatis supports his position with concrete instances from the proceedings of the Ecumenical Councils, not merely with generalized statements about heretics. His discussions of Anatolios, the Monothelite ordinations, and Patriarch Tarasios are particularly substantial.

Second, he refuses to conflate the personal spiritual condition of a cleric with the objective operation of the priestly office. His citations from Chrysostom and Nicodemus form the theological foundation for that distinction.

Third, he rejects the false dilemma that one must either recognize valid Mysteries and remain in communion or reject communion and necessarily declare the Mysteries invalid.

There are, nevertheless, interpretive questions that would require closer canonical examination if one wished to establish his thesis conclusively.

For example, the Church's reception of ordinations performed by heretics does not, by itself, settle every question about the sacramental status of such ordinations prior to reconciliation. The relationship between sacramental validity, canonical recognition, and economia needs careful treatment.

Likewise, his frequent argument from the absence of historical declarations of invalidity is significant but not independently conclusive. Silence in the surviving record does not always establish a positive doctrinal judgment.

These considerations do not negate his argument. They identify the points at which his historical evidence would need to be assessed most closely.

VIII. Overall synthesis

Simatis's central conclusion can be summarized in one paragraph:

The Orthodox faithful must immediately reject heresy and cease ecclesiastical communion with bishops and priests who openly profess it, regardless of whether those clergy have been formally condemned. Their separation is necessary because communion with heresy compromises the Orthodox Faith, not because the Mysteries celebrated by uncondemned heretics must automatically be invalid. A heretical minister may remain in possession of the sacramental authority conferred through ordination until the Church deprives him of that authority through canonical judgment. Consequently, the faithful must neither use the continuing validity of the Mysteries as an excuse for communion with heretics nor usurp the Church's judicial authority by making private declarations of sacramental invalidity.

One final bibliographical observation: Simatis states in Part I that his study is incomplete and invites further theological investigation. Moreover, Part VIII ends with Συνεχίζεται (To be continued). Thus, the eight installments should be understood as an unfinished exposition rather than a fully completed theological treatise.

The distinctive feature of Simatis's work is that he attempts to preserve simultaneously the reality of sacramental grace, the necessity of Orthodox confession, and the canonical authority of the Church—without allowing any one of these principles to cancel the others.

 

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