Wednesday, February 25, 2026

1978 Encyclical from the Church of Greece on Procreation and Contraception


 

Synodal Encyclical of the Hierarchy
of the Church of Greece
To All the People of Greece

Beloved children in the Lord,

1. Forty years ago, the Hierarchy of our Church addressed “to the holy clergy and the pious people of Greece” a message of concern and paternal admonition on an issue that is fundamental for the Greek family and for our country: the issue of declining rates of childbirth and childrearing.

2. That declaration of the Hierarchy, dating to the year 1937, confronted all of us with our responsibilities in the face of this great crisis in our country, which affects not only the family, but also our fatherland and the nation on account of the decline in population of our people.

3. This crisis is primarily a moral and social crisis. It is not unrelated to the weakening that we observe in living the Christian faith, which was lived for centuries and which made our nation great. Yet lately, the hope in God the mighty, the living (Ps 41:3) has disappeared from many, and this diminution of the hope that is in us (1 Pt 3:15) has brought about the denial of Christian moral principles and apostasy from our Christian faith.

4. A fruit of this apostasy includes the most acute problem of today: the avoidance of childbearing or the bearing of only a few children.

5. It is God’s will and command, however, for us to increase and multiply and fill the earth (Gen 1:28). And it was to return and conform ourselves to this divine will that the voice of the Church, through its Hierarchy, called the people at that time. There is an imperative need to repeat this recommendation again today and to renew through this present proclamation what our Mother, the Church, proclaimed to her children forty years ago.

6. Over the intervening years, not only has the alarming state of affairs not stopped, on the contrary, it has gotten worse. The avoidance of childbearing and the bearing of only a few children has achieved unbelievable proportions. And what can we say about the horrific abortions, the number of which reaches hundreds of thousands every year? This whole campaign against pregnancies has created an enormous moral quandary as well as an intense demographic and national problem.

7. Therefore, as responsible pastors of the Church, we address the following:

8. To the Government of the country and the national parliamentary representation: we call on you to avoid by all means the legalization of abortions, because these are crimes against a developing life and against the young shoots of the human race still in the womb. We call on you to not neglect the necessary initiatives and provisions for encouraging an increase in childbearing and providing relief for those who bear the burdens of pregnancy and the upbringing and rearing of children.

9. We appeal to all married men, to remind them of their obligations, that lawful marriage and the generation of children therefrom might faithfully follow the will of the Creator for the help and succession of the human race. And we exhort each and every one of you to take up his cross (Mt 16:24).

10. This obligation is certainly a ‘cross.’ But the Christian is called by Christ the Savior to take up and bear his cross, just as the Lord Himself did, and not to renounce his fundamental duties.

11. All those who look to Jesus, the author and finisher of the faith, who for the joy that was set before Him endured the Cross (Hebr 12:2), should not hesitate to face the burdens of family life and especially the birth of children, who circle round about his table (Ps 127:3). It is a great blessing and gift of God to pray that their house be filled (Lk 14:23).

12. We appeal also to women, to pious Greek Orthodox Christian women, and encourage them in a paternal spirit to sacrifice worldly lusts (Titus 2:12) for the sake of the family and childrearing; and to avoid all contraceptive methods and techniques whatsoever.

13. These have the duty of childbearing, that they may do it with joy and not grieve (Hebr 13:17), in order that they also might have a good conscience (Hebr 13:18)—one that is at peace and uncondemned—that God might bestow His rich blessing upon the family and the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience may be averted (Eph. 5, 6).

14. We furthermore address a warm appeal to the medical world, above all to specialists: never participate in abortions, lest you become men of blood (Ps 5:7). Fearing God, let the children in the womb be born (see Ex 1:17). And in accordance with your oath, avoid “abortifacient drugs.” Contribute, rather, through your prestige and medical influence, in encouraging pregnant women to give birth. Make only a positive contribution and provide only beneficial services to them and to society.

15. We call, in turn, upon the most venerable confessor priests who are tasked with the ministry of spiritual fatherhood, and we command synodically that all say the same thing (1 Cor 1:10) about this most serious issue, in accordance with the position outlined by the Hierarchy (in the previous Encyclical of 1937). Do not deviate from this position. You have a duty to inspire this mindset—the only truly Orthodox mindset—in all who go to confession, cultivating them in faith and hope towards God, who will not suffer them to be tempted above what they are able, but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that they may be able to bear it (1 Cor 10:13).

16. Finally, we call upon all men and women to crusade for an increase in the number of children according to the measure of God’s gift towards families (Eph 4:7). And we beseech you (as though God did beseech you by us) (2 Cor 5:20) that they hear this message with much anguish of heart (2 Cor 2:4). Instead of agonizing and being anxious for the future of our children and the nation, it is preferable for everyone to take up the good fight for the emergence of a greater number of children, for the benefit of our whole society.

17. The Holy Synod of the Hierarchy is not unaware that there are also difficult circumstances and problematic, and sometimes dangerous, situations in the matter of childbearing and childrearing. Either for financial reasons or because of living conditions, etc.—even for reasons of health—it is not a simple matter, and often acute problems arise.

18. In order to deal with these difficulties, many are seeking a way out. Yet the only acceptable way out for a Christian, through conjugal abstinence, is usually seen as a strait gate and a narrow way (Mt 7:14) and a heavy and unbearable burden. It is, for the majority of people, something unattainable, and few are those who find it (that is, the way). For this reason, some further dispensation and ‘ecclesiastical economy’ and condescension is being sought for and deemed desirable.

19. In spite of this, the delicate and sensitive conscience of Christians, both men and women, does not rest in what can be stretched and what is temporary. It remains restless despite any concessions and ‘economy.’ It sees it as a measure that is not valid before God and that is insecure, and this is unprofitable for them (Heb. 13:17), on account of the unimpeded participation and communion in divine grace and the holy Mysteries.

20. For this reason, the Holy Synod of the Hierarchy cannot take up a decision that is contrary to the sacred Canons regarding the exercise of ‘ecclesiastical economy’ as many are requesting for particular special cases. In such cases, if there is a real and insurmountable reason (first and foremost illness), the competent spiritual fathers will provide the appropriate dispensation by applying the provisions of the sacred Canons.

21. In all these matters, we express our warm sympathy to all the faithful and all who are earnestly fighting the good fight of faith (1 Tim 6:12) within the framework of the Christian family.

22. Let them be assured that for them is reserved the happiness to say with righteous exultation: Here I am and the children which God gave me (Hebr 2:13). For women, especially, the work of motherhood is a pillar of salvation, as the divine Apostle said: the woman shall be saved through childbearing, if they (the spouses) continue in faith and love and sanctification with self-control (1 Tim 2:15). Conversely, the children who are sacrificed and slaughtered in abortions will demand their blood from their shameless and unscrupulous parents. And this will be their condemnation.

23. Finally, blessing those families that are adorned with many beautiful children, we assure them that they will always have our practical support.

May the Lord bless our pious nation and save it to the uttermost (Hebr 7:25).

With fervent prayers,

The Hierarchy of the Church of Greece

 

Greek source: Εκκλησία 22–23 (1978): pp. 563–564.

English source:

Contraception and the Orthodox Church, by Tikhon Alexander Pino, Ph.D., Patristic Nectar Publications, 2025, pp. 133-141.

 


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